ALP – alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme found in certain membranes of the liver. Increases in ALP and another liver enzyme called Gamma GT (GGT) can indicate obstructive or cholestatic liver disease, where bile is not properly transported from the liver because of obstruction (blockage) of the bile duct.
Ascites – accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity which surrounds the bowel, leading to enlarged, swollen and tender abdomen.
Autoimmune – a type of disease causing the body’s immune system to attack another part of the body.
Bile – a yellow/green fluid made by the liver to help digest foods containing fat and cholesterol.
Cholestasis – a condition where the flow of bile from the liver is reduced.
Chronic – an illness that lasts a long time (more than six months), possibly for the restof a person’s life.
Cirrhosis – where inflammation and fibrosis have spread to disrupt the shape and function of the liver. Even with no signs or symptoms of liver disease, the working capacity of liver cells has been badly impaired and they are unable to repair the liver. This is permanent cell damage and can lead to liver failure or liver cancer.
Encephalopathy – disturbed brain function leading to mental confusion and memory loss.
Encephalopathy can follow the development of cirrhosis, for example.
Gastroenterologist – a doctor who specialises in treating digestive diseases.
Hepatologist – a doctor who specialises in treating liver disease.
Inflammation – the first response of the immune system to infection, commonly characterised by heat, swelling, pain and tenderness.